Categories
- Advice
- Animals
- Automobiles
- Business
- Career
- Communications
- Computer Programming
- Computers
- Entertainment
- Environment
- Family
- Fashion
- Finance
- Food
- Health and Medical
- Home and Garden
- Humor
- Internet Business
- Internet Marketing
- Legal
- Leisure and Recreation
- Marketing
- Other
- Politics
- Reference and Education
- Religion
- Self Improvement
- Sports
- Technology and Science
- Tiens Group
- Travel
- Writing
Expert Authors
Most Rated Articles
It is believed that the Japanese and the Chinese are using the green tea for weights lose for centuries. Recent researches confirmed that green tea is one of the healthiest drinks in the world. These are actually similar to normal.
As I was a young lad, I remember spending my monthly income for our daily needs and at the end of the month used to go to a nearby bank or post office to save the money. This was the financial planning education given by my parents that if you save money today, it will grow and give its fruits tomorrow. And we all know how much our savings has helped us in difficult times.
There are plenty of database support services available on the internet. You can use the help of any company, to develop and maintain a complete database. Every company needs information and details of their clients, business deals, and employees.
In the present scenario the internet marketing has become very necessary for the online businesses and there are loads of internet marketing companies that are providing the best kind of the services at very reasonable price.
Steel buildings offer a cost effective, flexible, low maintenance and energy efficient structure that can be designed to fit almost any situation. Prestige steel building design is based on certain factors.
Nowadays, natural disasters such as hurricanes are increasingly common, and it's necessary to be prepared should an electricity outage in your area. A Backup house generator is a really functional thing to have around the house, especially in places where hurricanes, blizzards or storms frequently knock out electricity.
During the procedure, patients may be administered either general anesthesia or intravenous sedation.
There is no soul on this earth who is immune to diseases. We all do suffer from some type of problem sometime later in the future.
Fundraising can be a difficult or enjoyable process depending on how you go about it, what type of fundraising you decide to do, and how committed you are to the need you are fundraising for. Choosing how to fundraise is often the most difficult step in the process but not for a lack of fundraising ideas.
Kashmir is truly a heavenly place that anyone and everyone should visit. The place has perennial land bodies and lush green forest with chinar laden trees. Seeing all the beautifying and captifying things, truly Kashmir is said to be the ‘Paradise on earth’. There are many reasons as why you should get away from that same boring life of the traffic and work happening in your life and get involved in knowing the beautiful Kashmir. More and more people cater to visit Kashmir every year to wrap up
»
Health and Medical
Rate Author : Current :
2.46 /5
Rate this Article : Current :
3.00 /5
In this poster, I would introduce a new article published in cancer research and I wanna to recommend a way to discovery the relationship between gene expression and cancer in vivo. Researchers in this article just gave an example and we could do more study in similar way in future.
The article ¡°Pathway-specific analysis of gene expression data identifies the PI3K/Akt pathway as a novel therapeutic target in cervical cancer¡± introduce a way called Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) which is based on an article ¡°Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles¡± published in the ) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. The method can help us to tell the gene expression which is closely linked to a certain cancer from the genes which are not so important to that type of cancer. And the key gene in the priori defined set would be showed statistically significantly.
In this article, researchers did not use cancer cell lines. They used tumor biopsies from patients with cervical cancer. And they test the gene expression depend on the RNA level harvested from frozen fresh biopsies by using Trizol reagent. Researchers tested a set of signaling pathways including RAS signaling pathway, Hypoxia/HIF1/VEGF, NFKB/immune modulators, PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR, and EGFR. Comparing PET-positive tumor to PET-negative tumor, researchers concluded that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and PTEN signaling pathway are up-regulated significantly. To confirm the Akt activation, researchers test the p-akt signals in the cervical cancer biopsies by a tissue microarray. The results showed that ¡°there is a statistically significant association between pAkt staining intensity and increased SUVmax on the pretreatment PET, implying that activation of Akt in cervical tumors is associated with increased glucose uptake in vivo (mean difference -10.9, p < 0.0001, DF 113).¡±
As lacking of a detailed analysis of the PI3K/Akt pathway in cervical cancer, researchers¡¯ study in this article did provide some new information to us and this study is valuable because of testing the signaling pathways in vivo. Depending on the study, researchers found that pAkt expression is associated with tumor glucose uptake in vivo. Researchers used PI3K LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, to observe the effect of blocking PI3K and found that up-take of FDG decreased. But FDG uptake also decrease in the cell lines which did not over-express or over-activate akt. It seems that that Akt is activated when cells are exposed to glucose or during glucose uptake. Researchers also found that there may be no basal Akt activation in certain cancer cell lines, and presence of glucose may lead to Akt activation and subsequent glucose uptake and that this effect is significantly reduced when PI3K is inhibited.
In conclusion, this article suggested a new way for us to study the signaling pathways in vivo. We always used western or other methods to study the kinases level or activation of kinases in cell lines. But the result can not represent the fact in vivo. We can learn some methods from this article.
First, we can test different signaling pathways, to some extent, in vivo and find the key signaling pathway to that cancer. And we also can use PET to test the condition of patients where the biopsies we get so that we can keep the step with the disease development and try to explain the phenomena which cell lines can not explain.
Reference:
[1]Julie K Schwarz et al. Pathway-specific analysis of gene expression data identifies the PI3K/Akt pathway as a novel therapeutic target in cervical cancer. Clin Cancer Res Published OnlineFirst January 10, 2012.
[2]Subramanian, A., Tamayo, P., Mootha, V. K., Mukherjee, S., Ebert, B. L., Gillette, M. A., Paulovich, A., Pomeroy, S. L., Golub, T. R., Lander, E. S. & Mesirov, J. P. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 15545-15550.
Similar to pi3k and cervical cancer
PI3K and prostate cancer progenitors (PCaPs)
I have read a article about \"PI3K and prostate cancer progenitors\". This is my reading note. I just want to conclude some useful information. Background: ...
BEZ235 and BKM120 can increase the tumor radiosensitivity
Recently, I read an article about the role of inhibitors in the tumor radio-sensitivity. They used combination of BEZ235 (a PI3K and mTOR dual inhibitor) and ...
Blocking pi3k signaling pathway
There are different strategies for blocking the pi3k signaling pathway. Different types of cancer cell respond to different kinds of PI3K inhibitors. Treatment for some ...
We pays great attention to the purity, stability and activity of the products like Ponatinib, Entinostat, SRT1720 & more. Not only could we provides the chemical test data, such as HNMR, LC-MS and HPLC, but also provides the reviews overall evaluations of the products from the customers who have used our produc
The article ¡°Pathway-specific analysis of gene expression data identifies the PI3K/Akt pathway as a novel therapeutic target in cervical cancer¡± introduce a way called Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) which is based on an article ¡°Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles¡± published in the ) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. The method can help us to tell the gene expression which is closely linked to a certain cancer from the genes which are not so important to that type of cancer. And the key gene in the priori defined set would be showed statistically significantly.
In this article, researchers did not use cancer cell lines. They used tumor biopsies from patients with cervical cancer. And they test the gene expression depend on the RNA level harvested from frozen fresh biopsies by using Trizol reagent. Researchers tested a set of signaling pathways including RAS signaling pathway, Hypoxia/HIF1/VEGF, NFKB/immune modulators, PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR, and EGFR. Comparing PET-positive tumor to PET-negative tumor, researchers concluded that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and PTEN signaling pathway are up-regulated significantly. To confirm the Akt activation, researchers test the p-akt signals in the cervical cancer biopsies by a tissue microarray. The results showed that ¡°there is a statistically significant association between pAkt staining intensity and increased SUVmax on the pretreatment PET, implying that activation of Akt in cervical tumors is associated with increased glucose uptake in vivo (mean difference -10.9, p < 0.0001, DF 113).¡±
As lacking of a detailed analysis of the PI3K/Akt pathway in cervical cancer, researchers¡¯ study in this article did provide some new information to us and this study is valuable because of testing the signaling pathways in vivo. Depending on the study, researchers found that pAkt expression is associated with tumor glucose uptake in vivo. Researchers used PI3K LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, to observe the effect of blocking PI3K and found that up-take of FDG decreased. But FDG uptake also decrease in the cell lines which did not over-express or over-activate akt. It seems that that Akt is activated when cells are exposed to glucose or during glucose uptake. Researchers also found that there may be no basal Akt activation in certain cancer cell lines, and presence of glucose may lead to Akt activation and subsequent glucose uptake and that this effect is significantly reduced when PI3K is inhibited.
In conclusion, this article suggested a new way for us to study the signaling pathways in vivo. We always used western or other methods to study the kinases level or activation of kinases in cell lines. But the result can not represent the fact in vivo. We can learn some methods from this article.
First, we can test different signaling pathways, to some extent, in vivo and find the key signaling pathway to that cancer. And we also can use PET to test the condition of patients where the biopsies we get so that we can keep the step with the disease development and try to explain the phenomena which cell lines can not explain.
Reference:
[1]Julie K Schwarz et al. Pathway-specific analysis of gene expression data identifies the PI3K/Akt pathway as a novel therapeutic target in cervical cancer. Clin Cancer Res Published OnlineFirst January 10, 2012.
[2]Subramanian, A., Tamayo, P., Mootha, V. K., Mukherjee, S., Ebert, B. L., Gillette, M. A., Paulovich, A., Pomeroy, S. L., Golub, T. R., Lander, E. S. & Mesirov, J. P. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 15545-15550.
Similar to pi3k and cervical cancer
PI3K and prostate cancer progenitors (PCaPs)
I have read a article about \"PI3K and prostate cancer progenitors\". This is my reading note. I just want to conclude some useful information. Background: ...
BEZ235 and BKM120 can increase the tumor radiosensitivity
Recently, I read an article about the role of inhibitors in the tumor radio-sensitivity. They used combination of BEZ235 (a PI3K and mTOR dual inhibitor) and ...
Blocking pi3k signaling pathway
There are different strategies for blocking the pi3k signaling pathway. Different types of cancer cell respond to different kinds of PI3K inhibitors. Treatment for some ...
We pays great attention to the purity, stability and activity of the products like Ponatinib, Entinostat, SRT1720 & more. Not only could we provides the chemical test data, such as HNMR, LC-MS and HPLC, but also provides the reviews overall evaluations of the products from the customers who have used our produc
